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September 08, 2026 - BY Admin

HVAC Chilled Water Piping Design: Primary vs Secondary Pumping Systems

Hydronic Engineering for Large Commercial Chiller Plants

Central air conditioning plants for airports, hospitals, and office towers rely on circulating chilled water ($7^circ ext{C}$) to cooling coils located across remote air handling units (AHUs).

Evaluating Chilled Water Distribution Schemes

Hydronic system design balances pumping energy efficiency with stable temperature control.

  • Primary-Only Constant Flow: Simple, low-cost layout where chillers and distribution pumps run at fixed speeds.
  • Primary-Secondary Decoupled: Constant flow through chillers protects evaporator tubes, while variable secondary pumps adjust to building demand.
  • Variable Primary Flow (VPF): Advanced schemes using modern chiller controls to vary total plant water flow and cut pumping energy.

Learn chilled water design in the Central Chiller Plant Course at CADDEX.

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